Judo was first included in the Summer Olympic Games at the 1964 Games in Tokyo, Japan. After not being included in 1968, judo has been an Olympic sport in each Olympiad since then. Only male judo participated until the 1988 Summer Olympics, when women participated as a demonstration sport. Women's judo was first awarded medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Judo compete in weight classes. Each country may qualify a maximum of one athlete per weight class. Gold and silver medals are awarded based on a single elimination bracket. Two bronze medals are awarded in each weight class.

Japan has won the most medals with 37 Gold, 19 Silver and 26 Bronze for a total of 82 medals. France has won a total of 49 medals, 14 Gold, 10 Silver and 25 Bronze. South Korea has won 43 medals, 11 Gold, 16 Silver and 16 Bronze. China have won 22 medals, 8 Gold, 3 Silver and 11 Bronze.

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