Located on the Yana River in Siberia, close to the Arctic Circle, Verkhoyansk held the Guinness World Record for the widest range of temperature ever directly recorded at ground level as of February, 2018: 105 degrees Celsius, or 189 degrees Fahrenheit. The lowest temperature ever experienced by the people of Verkhoyansk was minus 67.6 degrees Celsius (minus 89.7 degrees Fahrenheit) on February 5 and 7, 1897. The town’s highest temperature ever occurred on July 25, 1988: 37.3 C (99.1 F).

Along with Oymyakon, Siberia, Verkhoyansk is a northern “Pole of Cold”. For 41 years, Verkhoyansk held the record for the coldest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere. But, on February 6, 1933 the official thermometer at Oymyakon registered -67.7 C (-89.7 F), a fraction of a degree colder.

Antarctica’s Vostok Station holds the global cold record, -89.2 C (-128.6 F) on July 21, 1983, the coldest temperature ever directly recorded at ground level. On August 10, 2010, satellites recorded -93.2 C (-135 F) at the East Antarctic Plateau.

Cossacks established a small outpost/fortress for explorers far north on the Yana River in 1638. They called it “Verkhoyansky”, or “the place on the Upper Yana”. A settlement built nearby was named Verkhoyansk. To make tax collection easier, it was moved to the left bank of the Yana in 1775. It formally became a town in 1817 and had a population of 1,311 at the latest census. Verkhoyansk has an airport, a river port, and the "Pole of Cold Museum".

More Info: en.wikipedia.org