The Republican Party, also commonly called the GOP (for "Grand Old Party"), is one of the world's oldest political parties still in existence. It is the second oldest existing in the U.S. after the Democratic Party. It emerged in 1854 to combat the Kansas –Nebraska Act, which threatened to extend slavery into the territories, and to promote more vigorous modernization of the economy.

In its beginning, the Party had almost no presence in the American South. By 1858 in the North, it had enlisted former Whig Party and Free Soil Party members to form majorities in nearly every Northern state.

As of 2016, there have been eighteen (18) Republican presidents. Together, they have governed for a total of 88 years. The first was Abraham Lincoln, who served from 1861 to 1865, when he was assassinated. The most recent, George W. Bush, served from 2001 to 2009.

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