The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but unsuccessful uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys or Indian soldiers of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 miles northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the rebels' defeat on 20 June 1858. On 1 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities formally to have ended until 8 July 1859. The rebellion is known by many names, including the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection, and India's First War of Independence.

The Indian rebellion was fed by resentments over invasive British-style social reforms, harsh land taxes, summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes, as well as skepticism about the improvements brought about by British rule. Many Indians did rise against the British, however, and the majority remained seemingly compliant to British rule. The war and its aftermath resulted in the deaths of at least 800,000 people during the rebellion and its aftermath including those resulting from famine and disease. Both combatant sides committed huge numbers of atrocities against civilians.

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