What African country was the first to elect a female head of state?

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born 29 October 1938) is a Liberian politician who serves as the 24th and current President of Liberia since 2006. Sirleaf is the first elected female head of state in Africa.

Sirleaf was born in Monrovia to a Gola father and Kru-German mother. She was educated at the College of West Africa before moving to the United States, where she studied at Madison Business College and Harvard University. She returned to Liberia to work in William Tolbert's government as Assistant Minister of Finance from 1973–74 and Minister of Finance from 1979–80. After Samuel Doe seized power in a coup d'état and executed Tolbert, Sirleaf fled to the U.S. She worked for the World Bank before moving to Nairobi, where she worked for Citibank and then the Equator Bank.

After returning to Liberia, Sirleaf ran for office, placing second in the 1997 presidential election won by Charles Taylor. She won the 2005 presidential election and took office on 16 January 2006. She was re-elected in 2011.