The second largest island by area in the Caribbean is Hispaniola. It is where the countries of Haiti and Dominican Republic are located. It is significantly smaller in area than Cuba (76,420 square kilometers or 29,506 square miles). The combined population of the two countries of Haiti and Dominican Republic is over 20 million, which is twice the population in Cuba, making Hispaniola the Caribbean island with the largest total population.

It is located east of Cuba and west of Puerto Rico. It is separated from Cuba by the Windward Passage (81 km from Punta Maisí in Cuba to Cape Saint-Nicolas in Haiti), from Jamaica by the Jamaica Channel (186 km from Point Morante in Jamaica to Cape Irois in Haiti) and from Puerto Rico by the Mona Channel (112 km from Punta Higüero in Puerto Rico to Punta de Agua in the Dominican Republic).

Key cities on the island are Santo Domingo (capital of Dominican Republic), Port-au-Prince (capital of Haiti), Santiago (Dominican Republic), Carrefour (Haiti).

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