Kaskaskia was named as capital of the Illinois Territory on February 3, 1809. When Illinois became the 21st State on December 3, 1818, Kaskaskia served the as State capital until it was moved to Vandalia in 1819. The capital was moved to Vandalia because Kaskaskia was prone to flooding, and was destroyed by an earthquake in 1811. Kaskaskia was ideally located on a peninsula on the east bank of the Mississippi River. Kaskaskia became the capital of Upper Louisiana and the French built Fort de Chartres nearby in 1718. In the late 19th century Kaskaskia was cut off from the Illinois mainland and mostly destroyed by repeated flooding and a channel change of the Mississippi River.

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