Timbuktu is an ancient city in Mali, Africa. situated 20 km (12 mi) north of the Niger River. The town is the capital of the Timbuktu Region, one of the eight administrative regions of Mali. It had a population of 54,453 in the 2009 census.

In its Golden Age, the city's numerous Islamic scholars and extensive trading network made possible an important book trade. Timbuktu was considered one of the greatest African scholarly centres and its reputation often shifted from being extremely rich to being mysterious. Timbuktu also spelled as Tinbuktu, Timbuctoo and Timbuktoo.

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