The summit was a meeting held on June 4, 1961, in Vienna, Austria between President John F. Kennedy of the United States and Premier Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Union. The leaders of the two superpowers of the Cold War discussed numerous issues in the relationship between their countries.

The 'Berlin Question'- whether or not the U.S. would allow the USSR to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany in Berlin- dominated the debates at the Vienna Summit. Also the 'Bay of Pigs Invasion' of April that same year rocked the two leaders relationship. A lesser-known conflict fueled controversy at the Vienna Summit, referred to as the 'Laos Question'. Both countries were engaged in a proxy war in Laos that furthered an arms race.

In retrospect the summit may be seen as a failure. The two leaders became increasingly frustrated at the lack of progress of the negotiations. The Berlin Crisis of 1961 occurred the first day of the Vienna Summit when the Soviet Union launched an ultimatum demanding the withdrawal of all armed forces from Berlin, including the Western armed forces in West Berlin. The crisis culminated in the city's 'de facto' partition with the East German erection of the Berlin Wall.

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