The Beaver wars, considered one of the bloodiest conflicts in North American history, were a series of wars in the Eastern Woodlands of North America during the 17th century. The war was a battle for the lucrative beaver trade along the shores of the lower Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River valley. The Iroquois Confederacy (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, and Onondaga nations and later the Tuscarora in the 18th century) were pitted against a wide coalition of Native American nations that included the Algonquian, Illinois Confederacy, Huron, Shawnee, and several other tribes. Despite being greatly outnumbered, the Iroquois benefited from interior lines in central New York. The Iroquois were supported by the Dutch and the English while their opponents were supported by the French.

The wars are generally considered to be a stalemate that devastated both sides. Nevertheless the Iroquois expanded greatly, managing to inflict greater harm on their opponents. Besides becoming even more dominant in the region, they pushed many tribes west of the Mississippi or south to the Carolinas. The Iroquois also gained control of the Ohio River valley. Entire tribes were either destroyed or assimilated by the Iroquois. The Susquehannock, Erie, Wenro, and Neutral nations ceased to exist. The Shawnee and Huron were also devastated but survived and still retain their identity today.

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