Which was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of Czechoslovakia's areas inhabited by ethnic Germans?

The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined. The Sudetenland is the name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans. The agreement was signed in the early hours of 30 September 1938 (but dated 29 September) after being negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe, excluding the Soviet Union.

Today, it is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany. The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of the Sudetenland in the face of ethnic demands made by Adolf Hitler. The agreement was signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Italy. Sudetenland was of immense strategic importance to Czechoslovakia, as most of its border defences and banks were situated there, as well as heavy industrial districts. Part of the borderland was occupied and annexed by Poland.