Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (25 April/7 May 1840 – 25 October/6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States. Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension.

Tchaikovsky wrote many works that are popular with the classical music public, including his 'Romeo and Juliet', the '1812 Overture', his three ballets ('The Nutcracker', 'Swan Lake', 'The Sleeping Beauty') and 'Marche Slave'. These, along with his First Piano Concerto and his Violin Concerto, the last three of his six numbered symphonies and his operas 'The Queen of Spades' and 'Eugene Onegin', are among his most familiar works.

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