Ely S. Parker (1828 – August 1895), who was a Seneca attorney, engineer, and tribal diplomat, was also a commissioned lieutenant colonel during the American Civil War. In 1865, he served as adjutant to Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant. He wrote the final draft of the Confederate surrender terms at the Appomattox Court House. Later in his career, Parker rose to the rank of brevet brigadier general.

Because of their background and history, President Grant appointed Parker as Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1869 – 1871). He was the first Native American to hold that post. However, he was ultimately charged with misuse of federal funds. Although largely vindicated, he resigned the job as commissioner and never held another federal position.

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