Yoknapatawpha County is a fictional Mississippi county created by the American author William Faulkner, based largely upon and inspired by Lafayette County, Mississippi, a location in north-western Mississippi. The fictional county is one that serves as the setting of many of Faulkner's works.

This country is specifically found in 14 novels and a few short stories by Faulkner. The mythical location, whose capital is Jefferson, has an area of 2400 square miles and a population of 6298 whites and 9313 blacks, according to a map that its creator printed in the 1951 edition of "Absalom, Absalom!", Faulkner's novel, taking place before, during, and after the American Civil War. The name of the county itself (Yoknapatawpha) is presumably of Chickasaw derivation, for the original Native American possessors of the land.

The novels set in whole or in part in Yoknapatawpha are "Sartoris" (1929), "The Sound and the Fury" (1929), "As I Lay Dying" (1930), "Sanctuary, Light in August" (1931), "Absalom, Absalom!" (1936), "The Unvanquished" (1938), "The Hamlet" (1940), "Intruder in the Dust" (1948), "Knight's Gambit" (1949), "Requiem for a Nun" (1951), "The Town" (1957), "The Mansion" (1959), "The Reivers" (1962), and "Flags in the Dust (1973). Stories include “The Bear” (1942) and other tales in "Go Down, Moses" (1942). Some characters involved in the life of Yoknapatawpha County include the Benbow, Compson, De Spain, McCaslin, Sartoris, Snopes, Stevens, Sutpen, and Varner families.

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