Cavalleria Rusticana is a one act opera by Pietro Mascagni adapted from a play and short story written by Giovanni Verga.

The name of the opera Cavalleria rusticana is translated as "rustic chivalry" from Italian. This work, consisting of one act, was written and composed by Pietro Mascagni, a renowned Italian composer. An opera was adapted from Giovanni Verga's short story and play. This author is considered one of the most talented and influential realists of his time. The two literary pieces of the same name were one of the author's key works, along with the novel I Malavoglia. The opera premiered on the 17th of May, 1890 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. Since 1893, it has often been performed in a so-called Cav/Pag double-bill with Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo.