Hugo Rafael Chavez Frías (July 1954 – March 2013), commonly known as Hugo Chavez, was a Venezuelan politician who served as the 64th President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013. Also, he was the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when it merged with several other parties to form the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which he led until 2012.

Internationally, Chavez aligned himself with the Marxist–Leninist governments of Fidel and then Raúl Castro in Cuba, and the socialist governments of Evo Morales (Bolivia), Rafael Correa (Ecuador), and Daniel Ortega (Nicaragua). His presidency was seen as a part of the socialist "pink tide" sweeping Latin America. Chávez described his policies as anti-imperialist, being a prominent adversary of the United States's foreign policy as well as a vocal critic of U.S. supported neo-liberalism and laissez-faire capitalism. He described himself as a Marxist.

With the death of Chavez, his Vice President, Nicolás Maduro, was elected president on April 14, 2013.

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