Aconcagua is the highest mountain outside of Asia, being the highest in both the Southern and Western hemispheres with a summit elevation of 6,960.8 metres (22,837 ft). It is located in the Principal Cordillera of the Andes mountain range, in the Mendoza Province, Argentina, and lies 112 km (70 mi) northwest of its capital, the city of Mendoza, about five km (3.1 mi) from San Juan Province and 15 km (9.3 mi) from the international border with Chile. The mountain itself lies entirely within Argentina, immediately east of Argentina's border with Chile. The nearest higher peak is Tirich Mir in the Hindu Kush, 16,520 kilometres (10,270 mi) away.

Laguna del Carbón is a salt lake in Corpen Aike Department, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. This salt lake is located 54 kilometres (34 miles) from Puerto San Julián, within the Gran Bajo de San Julián (Great San Julián Depression), an endorheic basin situated between the San Julian Bay and the Chico River. At 105 metres (344 ft) below sea level, Laguna del Carbón is the lowest point of Argentina and both the Western and Southern Hemispheres, and the seventh-lowest point on Earth.

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