Of which area was 'Mad King' Ludwig II, a monarch in the 19th century?

Ludwig II (1845-1886) was the king of Bavaria (now part of Germany) from 1864 until shortly before his death. He was often referred to as 'Mad King Ludwig' because, some of his behaviour seemed very strange. For instance, he exited his castle by climbing out of the window instead of using the door.

As well as 'Mad', Ludwig was sometimes referred to as the 'Swan King' or 'Der Märchenkönig' (the Fairytale King). During his reign, he built several fairytale-like castles, the most famous being Neuschwanstein (New Swan Stone Castle) in South Bavaria.

Tourists from all over the world continue to visit Ludwig II's castles. They also admire the Bayreuth Festspielhaus (Bayreuth Festival Theatre), which the king built for Richard Wagner (1813-1883), a composer he particularly admired. The theatre is devoted to only playing Wagner's operas.

During his reign, Ludwig increasingly withdrew from official affairs in preference of his extravagant architectural projects. He spent and borrowed a lot money, despite the advice of his ministers. His spending was used against him by the government to declare him insane. On 10th June 1886, they deposed the king and placed him in custody, later transferring him to Berg Castle on the shores of Lake Starnberg.

On 13th June 1886, the bodies of Ludwig II and his doctor were found in the lake. Whilst the autopsy report suggests murder, the official report claims it was suicide.