Sir John Barbirolli, Leopold Stokowski and Arturo Toscanini were 20th-century composers. Sir John Barbirolli (1899-1970) was an English conductor and cellist. He is particularly remembered for being the conductor of the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester, England, for almost 30 years. He also conducted several other famous orchestras, including the New York Philharmonic, the London Symphony Orchestra, the London Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Vienna Philharmonic. He was knighted in 1949 and made a Companion of Honour in 1969.

Leopold Anthony Stokowski (1882-1977) conducted many of America's greatest orchestras. He starred in the Disney film 'Fantasia', in which he conducted the orchestra and is seen shaking hands with Mickey Mouse. Stokowski started conducting in 1909 and made his last public appearance in 1975. He died two years later at the age of 95.

Arturo Toscanini (1867-1957) was an Italian conductor. His fame is legendary because he was the first conductor to become a world superstar. He had a photographic memory and could remember every single note of the large number of works he conducted. He also had a very keen sense of hearing and could hear exactly what each instrument was playing. Unfortunately, had a fiery temper and frequently shouted angrily at his orchestra in rehearsals. As well as conducting, he made some of the first recordings of famous orchestral works.

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