The common pheasant is a bird in the pheasant family ('Phasianidae'). It is native to Asia and parts of Europe like the northern foothills of the Caucasus and the Balkans. The ring-necked pheasant is both the name used for the species as a whole in North America and also the collective name for a number of subspecies and their Intergrades that have white neck rings.

It has been widely introduced elsewhere as a game bird. In parts of its range, namely in places where none of its relatives occur such as in Europe, where it is naturalised, it is simply known as the "pheasant".

The ring-necked pheasant is the state bird of South Dakota, one of only three US state birds that is not a species native to the United States.

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