In the mid 1930's, the municipal airport located on the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain was no longer large enough to service the City's growing air transportation needs. Expansion of the lakefront facilities was considered too costly, so the Department of Public Property of the City of New Orleans began to coordinate with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA, now the Federal Aviation Administration -FAA) to establish a New Orleans Airport.

Before any construction began, the United States became involved in World War II on December 7, 1941. The land for Moisant Field was taken over by the U.S. Government for use as an airbase. Facilities were constructed on this land by the Federal Government and were used by the Army until the end of the war in August 1945. In 1946, the Federal Government returned the land plus 295 adjacent acres to the City of New Orleans.

In May 1946, commercial air service began at Moisant Field, named for aviation pioneer John Bevins Moisant. The official name of the airport was changed in 1960 from Moisant Field to New Orleans International Airport and in August 2001, the Airport's name was changed to the Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport in honor of the famous native-born musician's 100th birthday.

The three-letter identifier for Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport is MSY. It stands for Moisant Stock Yards.

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