Which eminent historical figure's house was once known as just "Number One, London"?

Arthur Wellesley, (1769-1852), the First Duke of Wellington, is possibly most famous for his victory at Waterloo, but also served as Prime Minister. He was of Anglo-Irish stock and firmly devoted the the Tory (later Conservative) and Protestant cause.

He was not, in fact, the first person to inhabit Apsley House, to give the property its official name. It was designed in the 18th century by the famous architect, Robert Adam, on the site of an earlier property, which had also been occupied by a tavern mentioned in Henry Fielding's novel, "Tom Jones". The house later inhabited by Wellington was built by, and named after, the then Lord Chancellor, Lord Apsley. The popular nickname also dates from his time. It is, on one level, quite simply a geographical statement, as it is the first house one encounters entering London from the countryside, but given Wellington's status, the name has also inevitably taken on a symbolic quality.

He carried out several extensions and renovations to the property, which is still in the ownership of the Wellington family with apartments used by the present Duke, but its main purpose is as a museum to his eminent forefather.