Niihau is the westernmost and seventh largest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The island is designated as critical habitat for Brighamia insignis, an endemic and endangered species of Hawaiian lobelioid. Its 2010 census population was 170.

Elizabeth Sinclair purchased Niihau in 1864 from the Kingdom of Hawaii and private ownership passed on to her descendants, the Robinson family. The island is generally off-limits to all but relatives of the island's owners, U.S. Navy personnel, government officials and invited guests, giving it the nickname "The Forbidden Isle." Beginning in 1987, a limited number of supervised activity tours and hunting safaris have opened to tourists. The island is currently managed by brothers Bruce Robinson and Keith Robinson.

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