The Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur in Tamilnadu, India is the world's first complete granite temple which is reportedly built using 130,000 tons of granite. The 1,000-year-old temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva (Hindu God), houses 66 metres (217 ft) tall, 80-ton heavy vimana (tower). Notably, the Reserve Bank of India on April 1, 1954, released ₹1,000 currency notes (₹ is Indian currency) which featured the Brihadeeswara Temple. Built by Tamil king Raja Raja Chola I between 1003 and 1010 AD, the temple is an exemplary example of a fully realised Tamil architecture. The temple is dedicated to the dancing pose of Lord Shiva-Natraj and reflects the power and glory of Rajaraja Chola I. It's noteworthy here that granite is one of the few stones that are tough to carve and it requires fine-trained hands to handle them.

The inscriptions in the temple explain a lot about the architect Kunjara Mallan Raja Raja Perunthachan, and inscriptions of Chola, Pandya, Vijaynagara, Nayak and Maratha dynasty rulers. This architectural masterpiece has been designated as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site. Built out of granite, the tower above the shrine is one of the tallest in South India. The temple was damaged in its history and some artwork is now missing. Additional monuments were added in the centuries followed. The temple now stands amidst fortified walls that were added after 16th century.

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