The Vikings spoke Old Norse and made inscriptions in runes. Old Norse was also called Old Nordic and Old Scandinavian. Old Norse developed from North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages.

Old Nose was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia, a term that refers to the modern day countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden and sometimes other geographical areas that include various islands such as Iceland and the Baltic Island of Gotland. As a language, Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old /West Norse or Old West Nordic, Old East Norse and Old Gutnish, a North Germanic language spoken on the Baltic island of Gotland.

Runes are the letters in a set of related alphabets known as the runic alphabets, used before the adoption of the Latin alphabet.

The word Vikings is the modern name given to a seafaring people who were primarily from Scandinavia. From the late 8th to the 11th centuries they raided, traded and settled throughout parts of Europe. They also voyaged as far as the Mediterranean North Africa, the Middle East, and North America. They were the first Europeans to settle in North America, briefly establishing a presence in the modern day Canadian province of Newfoundland.

Vikings followed the Old Norse religion, but later became Christians. The Vikings had their own laws, art, and architecture.

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