Capercaillie is a Scottish folk band founded in 1984 and fronted by Karen Matheson (born 1963). The band performs traditional Gaelic songs as well as contemporary English music. Their Gaelic music blends traditional lyrics with modern instruments including electric guitars. The band is named after the Western capercaillie, a bird native to Scotland.

Between 1984 and 2013, Capercaillie released eleven studio albums, including 'Cascade' (1984), 'Sidewaulk' (1989), 'Delirium' (1991), 'Nàdurra' (2000) and 'At the Heart of It All' (2013). Their second album 'Crosswinds' (1987) was recorded in only three days, and their fifth album 'Secret People' (1993) reached number 40 in the UK charts. In 2002, they performed at the Celtic Connections festival in Glasgow, Scotland. Donald Shaw (born 1967), a founding member of the band, was appointed the Celtic Connections Artistic Director in 2006.

The western capercaillie is the largest member of the grouse family. It is also called the Eurasian capercaillie, wood grouse and heather cock. It is sexually dimorphic, meaning the male and the female birds look remarkably different.

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