The men's marathon event at the 2020 Summer Olympics started at 07:00 on 8 August 2021 in Sapporo, Japan. 106 athletes from 46 nations competed. The previous Olympic champion, Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge, successfully defended his title, with Dutch and Belgian athletes Abdi Nageeye and Bashir Abdi gaining silver and bronze, respectively. Kipchoge was the third man to repeat as Olympic marathon champion, after Abebe Bikila and Waldemar Cierpinski. The Netherlands and Belgium earned their first men's marathon medals in 1980 and 1976 respectively.

Eliud Kipchoge EGH is a Kenyan professional long-distance runner who competes in the marathon and previously competed at a 5000 metre distance. He is the winner of the 2016 and 2020 Olympic marathons. In addition, he set the world record in the marathon with a time of 2:01:39 at the 2018 Berlin marathon.

The marathon at the Summer Olympics is the only road running event held at the multi-sport event. The men's marathon has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1896. The modern marathon event was created and later refined through the Olympic competition. The standard distance of the marathon is 26 miles, 385 yards (42.195 km).

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