In which country is Talian a recognised minority language?

Talian is a recognised minority language in four states or federative units of the Federative Republic of Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná and Espírito Santo. The language had its origins in northern Italian dialects, principally those from Venice, the Veneto and Lombardy.

Italian settlers first began arriving in southeastern regions of Brazil during a wave of immigration lasting from approximately 1875 to 1914. These settlers were mainly from Veneto, a region in Northern Italy, where Venetian was spoken, but also from Trentino and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. In Brazil these immigrants settled as smallholders in the region of Encosta da Serra. There they created three settlements: Conde D'Eu (now Garibaldi), Dona Isabel (now Bento Gonçalves), and Campo dos Bugres (now Caxias do Sul).As more people arrived, the Italian settlement expanded beyond these localities. Approximately 100,000 immigrants from Northern Italy arrived between 1875 and 1910. As time went by, a uniquely southern Brazilian dialect emerged. Veneto became the basis for Italian-Brazilian regionalism.

Talian has been strongly influenced not only by other Italian dialect but also Portuguese, the national language of Brazil; this can be seen in the employment of numerous non-Venetian loanwords. It has been estimated that there have been 130 books published in Talian, including works of both poetry and prose.

In 2014 Talian was declared to be part of the cultural heritage of Brazil.