Maharaja, also spelled maharajah, Sanskrit mahārāja, (from mahat, “great,” and rājan, “king”), is an administrative rank in India; generally speaking, a Hindu prince ranking above a raja. Used historically, maharaja refers specifically to a ruler of one of the principal native states of India. The feminine form is maharani (maharanee).

The title seems to have been introduced sometime in the first century BC by the Kushāns. They had been influenced by the Śaka (Scythian) and Persian-Mongolian rulers of northwestern India and preferred the honorific “great king” to “king.”

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