Aleksandr Ulyanov, elder brother to Vladimir Ulyanov (who was later known as Vladimir Lenin), was involved in the assassination attempt on Tsar Alexander III. While Aleksandr attended university (graduated from the College of Simbirsk and attended Petersburg University) he became involved with political activism, giving speeches, handing out pamphlets and participating in demonstrations. In 1886 he joined the "Narodnaya Volya" (People's Will) party as part of its "terrorist faction".

The plan was to assassinate the Tsar on the sixth anniversary of his father's (Alexander II's) assassination on March 1, 1887. Police suspected when the Tsar would attend church on the anniversary, the plotters would throw bombs into the Tsar's carriage. Ulyanov served as the bomb maker and the ideologist of the conspiracy and was arrested along with his conspirators. All the conspirators were initially sentenced to death; all but five were pardoned by the Tsar. Aleksandr Ulyanov was not. The five were hanged on May 8, Ulyanov was 21 at the time of his death.

His execution drove his younger brother Vladimir to pursue the revolution struggle even more intently. On hearing of his brother's death, Vladimir Ulyanov allegedly stated "I'll make them pay for this! I swear it."

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