Artists use vermillion: what colour is it?

Vermilion (sometimes vermillion) is a color, color family, and pigment most often made, since antiquity until the 19th century, from the powdered mineral cinnabar (somewhat dangerous to work with mercury sulfide) and its corresponding color. It is very often synonymous with red orange (covered here), which often takes a modern form just 11% brighter (at full brightness).

The word vermilion came from the Old French word 'vermeillon', which was derived from 'vermeil, from the Latin 'vermiculus', the diminutive of the Latin word 'vermis', or worm. The name originated because it had a similar color to the natural red dye made from an insect, Kermes vermilio, which was widely used in Europe.