"Dueling Banjos" is an instrumental composition by Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith who composed it in 1955. Smith called it "Feudin' Banjos" and recorded playing a four-string plectrum banjo accompanied by five-string bluegrass banjo player Don Reno. The composition was first aired on TV almost 8 years later in the episode of "The Andy Griffith Show" called "Briscoe Declares for Aunt Bee".

However, real success came in 1972 after the release of the famous movie “Deliverance” directed by John Boorman. The film version of the composition was arranged and recorded by Eric Weissberg and Steve Mandell. Interestingly, this led to a copyright infringement since the song was used without Smith’s permission. The author initiated a lawsuit and won.

The composition became immensely popular and topped various American music charts.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org