The boycott of public buses by blacks in Montgomery, Alabama began on the day of Rosa Parks' court hearing, and lasted 381 days. Rosa Parks was an African American woman, who refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. With the arrest of Parks, the President of the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), E.D. Nixon acted; he was a leader in starting a bus boycott to fight the city’s segregated bus policy.

This might be interesting: Boycott supporters challenged the legality of bus segregation in court. Their case, Browder v. Gayle, was eventually heard by the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled on November 13, 1956, in favor of the plaintiffs. The boycott ended on December 20, 1956, 381 days after it had begun. The buses in Montgomery were subsequently integrated. But, in the aftermath of the court victory, there was great violence. It took time to end the violence.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org