In a right-to-left, top-to-bottom script (commonly shortened to right to left or abbreviated RTL), writing starts from the right of the page and continues to the left, proceeding from top to bottom for new lines. This can be contrasted against left-to-right writing systems, where writing starts from the left of the page and continues to the right.

There are 12 languages that are written from the right to the left: Arabic, Aramaic, Azeri, Divehi, Fula, Hebrew, Kurdish, N'ko, Persian, Rohingya, Syriac and Urdu.

Arabic is most used of these twelve languages. The Central Semitic language is used by about 1.7 billion people most of whom are in the Arab world. The Aramaic language is native to the Assyrian people of northern Iraq, southeast Turkey, northeast Syria, and northwestern Iran. There are about three million people who speak the language.

The Azeri language is the official language of Azerbaijan and the Dagestan region of Russia. A majority of speakers are in Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan. The language is spoken by about 27 million. The Fula language/Fulani is native to the Fulani people of West Africa but it is used by 24 million people spread across west Africa, Central Africa, and Sudan. The Dhivehi/Maldivian language is used in the Maldives. It is used by a native population of about 340,000. The Hebrew language is native to Israel where it is also the official language. There are more than 7000 languages that are not written right to left.

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