The Battle of Isandlwana (alternative spelling: Isandhlwana) on 22 January 1879 was the first major encounter in the Anglo-Zulu War between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. A Zulu force of some 20,000 warriors, led by a tribal prince of King Cetshwayo, attacked a portion of the British army main column of about 1,800 troops, led by Lord Chelmsford. Despite a vast disadvantage in weapons technology, the Zulus ultimately overwhelmed the British, killing over 1,300 troops, including all those on the forward firing line. The Zulu army suffered anywhere from 1,000 to 3,000 killed. The battle was a decisive victory for King Cetshwayo and caused the defeat of the first British invasion of Zululand.

The battle took place near a distinct rock formation, as pictured in the portrait, named Isandlwana Hill, located in present day northeastern South Africa. Memorials erected at the site commemorate the valor of the fallen Zulu warriors and mark the many British mass graves.

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