In Germany and the Baltic states, what is the definition of the "Abitur"?

"Abitur" derives from a Latin word meaning "Someone who is going to leave" and is (with exceptions, especially for foreign or mature students) an examination that German pupils need to pass in order to continue their education at tertiary level. Although mainly associated with Germany (in Austria this examination is known as the "Matura") the term is also used in Lithuania and Estonia.

The concept of a general entrance qualification, rather than ones set by individual universities, was first established in Prussia in the 17th century.

The nearest UK equivalent, especially in terms of practical advancement in one's studies is the "A-Level" (in this instance, "A" standing for "advanced") but a significant difference is that students taking the "Abitur" are generally expected to carry on studying a range of subjects and not narrowing themselves down just to subjects within the humanities/sciences although an alternative qualification known as the "Fachabitur" - "subject Abitur" does also exist. It also involves an oral examination. Given the federal nature of Germany, there are some regional variations.