Jan Asselijn (c.1610 – October 1, 1652) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. Asselijn was born at Dieppe from a French Huguenot family as Jean Asselin. He received instruction from Esaias van de Velde (1587–1630), and distinguished himself particularly in landscape and animal painting, though his historical works and battle pieces are also admired.

Asselijn married in Lyons in 1645 and moved to the Netherlands. Asselijn had a withered hand and was small of stature, which gave him the nickname in France of petit Jean Hollandois, and which gave him the nickname Krabbetje (little claw) in the Bentvueghels (society of mostly Dutch and Flemish artists).

He seems to have befriended Rembrandt (1606–1669), Dutch Golden Age painter). He was one of the first Dutch painters who introduced a fresh and clear manner of painting landscapes in the style of Claude Lorraine, and his example was speedily followed by other artists. Asselijn's pictures were in high estimation at Amsterdam, and several of them are in the museums of that city.

One of his paintings, "The Threatened Swan", which portrays a swan aggressively defending its nest, became a symbol of Dutch national resistance, although it is unknown if Asselijn intended it to be so.

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