According to a theory believed by some scientists, around 66 million years ago, a meteor the size of a mountain struck the Yucatán peninsula in modern-day Mexico. When it landed, the impact set off a chain reaction of events, which dramatically cooled the planet, killing approximately 75% of all life on Earth in the process.

The crater caused by the collision is called the Chicxulub crater. It is partially on land but some of it is now underwater. The crater is over 180 km (110 miles) wide, although the meteor may only have been 10km (6 miles) in diameter. The age of the rocks in the impact area date from the late Cretaceous period, which ended 66 million years ago.

Scientists have discovered evidence of the impact of the meteor in North Dakota, approximately 4500 km (2800 miles) north of the crater. Excavations reveal fossils of fish and trees combined with rock fragments. There is evidence of flooding in the area caused by a colossal sea surge after the impact.

The extinction of the dinosaurs is believed to be one of many catastrophic events on Earth. Several mass extinctions predate the dinosaurs, and some events were so intense that they wiped out as much as 95% of all species on Earth.

More Info: en.m.wikipedia.org