The “sella turcica” (Latin for Turkish seat/saddle) is a saddle-shaped depression in the body of the sphenoid bone of the human skull and of the skulls of other hominids including chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas. It serves as a cephalometric landmark. The central eminence of the middle cranial fossa is specialized as a saddlelike seat for the pituitary gland. The posterior portion of this seat, or “sella turcica” (“Turk’s or Turkish saddle”), is actually wall-like and is called the “dorsum sellae” or “dorsal seat”.

The sphenoid bone is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended.

The pituitary gland or hypophysis is located within the most inferior aspect of the “sella turcica”, the hypophyseal fossa. The pituitary gland is thus situated in almost the center of the cranial cavity. It is covered also by the brain and has no connection with the exterior of the cranium except by blood vessels. The deep lateral portions of the middle cranial fossa contain the temporal lobes of the cerebrum.

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