The Ingrian War between Sweden and Russia lasted between 1610 and 1617. It can be seen as part of Russia's Time of Troubles (a period of political crisis during the Tsardom of Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Fyodor I) and is mainly remembered for the attempt to put a Swedish duke on the Russian throne. It ended with a large Swedish territorial gain in the Treaty of Stolbovo (a peace treaty which ended the Ingrian War), which laid an important foundation to Sweden's Age of Greatness.

After nearly two months of negotiations, representatives from Sweden and Russia met at the (now-derelict) village of Stolbovo south of Lake Ladoga in the modern Volkhovsky District. The meeting took place on 9 March (O.S. 27 February) 1617. From the outset, Sweden had gone into the negotiations with very high ambitions, with hopes of fulfilling the old dream of making all of the Russian trade pass through Swedish territory. As a consequence of that ambition, the Swedes originally demanded far-reaching territorial gains into western Russia, including the important northern port of Arkhangelsk.

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