Adolf Eichmann (1906-1962) was a German-Austrian SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust - the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" in Nazi terminology. He was tasked by SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the logistics involved in the mass deportation of the Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe during World War II. After the war, Adolf Eichmann and his family fled Europe to live abroad in hiding. On May 11, 1960, Eichmann was captured by the Mossad while living in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He subsequently was found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicized trial in Jerusalem, where he was executed by hanging in 1962.

Lothar Hermann, a half-Jewish German who had emigrated to Argentina in 1938 had a daughter named Sylvia. She had begun dating a man named Klaus Eichmann who boasted about his father's Nazi exploits, Hermann recognized the last name and alerted the prosecuter-general of the state of Hesse in West Germany. This was instrumental in turning the wheels towards justice.

The team of Mossad agents captured Eichmann after he got off a transportation bus near his home in Buenos Aires. The agents had observed his routine for many days, noting that he arrived home from work at about the same time every evening. After holding him prisoner for several days in a safehouse, he was smuggled out of Argentina on board an El Al flight to stand trial in Jerusalem.

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