The acronym CRISPR relates to a technology used in which area of scientific research?

CRISPR (which is an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote.

They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral (i.e. anti-phage) defense system of prokaryotes and provide a form of acquired immunity. CRISPR are found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea.