Known as the Rio Grande in the United States and as the Río Bravo (and more formally as Río Bravo del Norte) in Mexico. The river flows generally southward for 1,885 miles (3,034 km). It is the fourth longest river system in the United States. The river rises in Colorado's San Juan Mountains, in the Rocky Mountain range. Originating in a cold steppe climate, it descends through the Southwestern United States desert before watering rich agricultural regions near its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico.

The Rio Grande serves as a major part of the international border between the United States and Mexico dividing 1,254 miles (2,018 km) of the 1,950 miles (3,138 km) border. The boundary follows the middle of the Rio Grande, according to the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, "along the deepest channel" from its mouth on the Gulf of Mexico to a point just upstream of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez.

Cities of the Rio Grande include Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the Texas cities of Laredo, Brownsville and El Paso.

El Paso in Texas has a population of 681,728 (2019), making it the sixth-largest city in Texas. Founded as El Paso del Norte by Spanish Franciscan friars, the area became a small agricultural producer. As railroads were built through the area it boomed as a commercial center. The World Wars and the Texas Oil Boom helped develop the city further. As international trade has become increasingly important in the U.S., El Paso's economic importance has continued to expand.

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