The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was established in 1947. Before then, United States intelligence operations were carried out by several different agencies, including the Department of State, the Office of Naval Intelligence, and the Military Intelligence Division of the War Department. Of course, having several different parties involved meant there was often overlap of activities and a lack of cohesion.

Franklin Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, created the post of Coordinator of Information to gather and analyze security information. In 1942, this became the Office of Strategic Services which established overseas offices and gathered intelligence information. At the end of World War II, the OSS was terminated but files were eventually transferred to the CIA two years later.

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