The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico, from 12 to 27 October. It was the first and only Olympic Games held in South America until the Olympiad of 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

These games were also the first to use an all-weather (hard) track for track and field events instead of a traditional cinder track.

Before and during the games, many people, students and local human rights activists organized strikes and public protests in order to draw other countries’ attention to various social and economic problems existing in Mexico. For example, ten days before the opening ceremony, about 15 thousand Mexicans came to the central square Plaza de Tlatelolco to express their dissatisfaction with the government’s policy. The government used the army to dispel the crowd. Several people were killed and hundreds were arrested and imprisoned.

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