What happens to excess glucose in our body?

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide (a subcategory of carbohydrates). Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight, where it is used to make cellulose in cell walls, which is the most abundant carbohydrate. In energy metabolism, glucose is the most important source of energy in all organisms.

When glucose is in excess, our body stores it away in the form of glycogen in a process stimulated by insulin. The process of conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage purpose is known as Glycogenesis. Glycogen is a large highly branched structure, made from lots of glucose molecules linked together. When required, glycogen can be easily and rapidly broken down again to form glucose.

Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver (where it makes up as much as 10% of liver weight and can be released back into the blood stream) and muscle (where it can be converted back to glucose but only used by the muscle).