The mandrill is a primate of the Old World monkey (Cercopithecidae) family. It is one of two species in the genus Mandrillus, along with the drill. Although they superficially resemble baboons, they are more closely related to mangabeys of the genus "Cercocebus". Mandrills are found in southern Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and the Republic of the Congo. These animals mostly live in tropical rainforests and in large groups.

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the conservation status of the mandril in 2021 is "Vulnerable" (VU). A vulnerable category means the animal is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances that are threatening survival and reproduction improve. Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss or destruction of the mandril's home. This habitat loss is also caused by agriculture, urbanization, droughts, and associated bushfires, some related to climate change. Mandrills are particularly threatened in the Republic of the Congo.

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