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Adam Smith (baptized 16 June 1723 - 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Also known as the "Father of economics" or "The Father of capitalism," Smith wrote two classic works, 'The theory of Moral Sentiments' (1759) and 'An inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations' (1776). The latter, often abbreviated at 'The Wealth of Nations', is considered his magnum ops and the first modern work of economics. In his work, Adam Smith introduced his theory of absolute advantage.

Smith studied social philosophy at the University of Glasgow and at Balliol College, Oxford where he was one of the first students to benefit from scholarships set up by fellow Scot John Snell. After graduating, he delivered a successful series of public lectures at the University of Edinburgh, leading him to collaborate with David Hume during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith obtained a professorship at Glasgow, teaching moral philosophy and during this time, wrote and published 'The theory of Moral Sentiments'. In his later life, he took a tutoring position that allowed him to travel throughout Europe, where he met other intellectual leaders of his day.

Smith led the foundations of classical free market economic theory. 'The Wealth of Nations was a precursor to the modern academic discipline of economics.