Stromboli is a type of turnover filled with various Italian cheeses (typically mozzarella) and usually Italian cold cuts (typically Italian meats such as salami, capocollo and bresaola) or vegetables. The dough used is either Italian bread dough or pizza dough.

The story of the stromboli goes back to 1950s Philadelphia, where a restaurant owner by the name of Nazzareno Romano is known to have started selling a rolled up pizza dough filled with ham, cheese, and peppers. Stromboli is often confused with another dish called calzone. Stromboli is from Philadelphia, while calzone is 100% Italian. The latter is a popular street food with origins in the southern regions of Italy, such as in Campania, Puglia, Calabria, Sicily. Unlike calzones, which are always stuffed and folded into a crescent shape, a stromboli is typically rolled or folded into a cylinder, and may sometimes contain a thin layer of tomato sauce on the inside

The name of the dish is taken from the 1950 film Stromboli, which in turn is named after a volcanic island off the coast of Sicily.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org