Which artist garnered the sobriquet 'Gherardo Della Notte'?
'Gerrit' is the Dutch equivalent of 'Gerald'; however, in all the Low Countries - Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg - the French form 'Gerard' is practically interchangeable, as is often the case with Gerrit Honthorst (birth year disputed between 1590 & 1592-1656), who also gets referred to with a typical Dutch 'Van' (of/from) inserted in the middle of his name.
Honthorst was born in Utrecht and spent the majority of his life there. However, as many northern European artists, whether Netherlandish, German or French, did during the late 16th to middle 17th centuries, Honthorst took an educational sojourn to Italy, more particularly to Rome; that began some year between 1610 and 1615. He returned home to Utrecht in 1620.
In Rome, he adopted the style of the recently deceased Caravaggio (1571-1610), particularly with his frequent use of tenebrism, sharp contrast of lit subjects against a dark background. For that he garnered the nickname 'Gherardo Della Notte' (Gerald of the night).
'The Prodigal Son' (uploaded image) displays another trait of Caravaggio, the portrayal of commoners as well as tenebrism.
Upon returning to Utrecht, Honthorst continued painting with Caravaggism, though not exclusively so. His older fellow Utrechter, Hendrick Terbruggen (1588-1629), also spent time in time in Rome (1604-1614) and assimilated Caravaggism. Terbruggen, Honthorst and his pupil Dirck Van Baburen (1595-1624) are often called the 'Utrecht Caravaggisti'.
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